2025 is already shaping up to be a battleground for cybersecurity. With global cybercrime costs projected to reach USD 10.5T, by year’s end, the stakes have never been higher. Cybercriminals are getting smarter, using AI-driven tactics and large-scale exploits to target critical sectors. From government breaches to hospital data leaks and a surge in phishing scams, recent attacks highlight the growing financial and operational toll of cyber threats.
As cyber threats intensify, the demand for stronger defences, top-tier cybersecurity talent, and global collaboration has never been more urgent.
Here’s a look at the recent cyber developments that are shaping 2025.
Click here to download “Cyber Lessons from the Frontlines” as a PDF.
Major Security Breaches: A Costly Wake-Up Call
Cyberattacks are becoming more targeted, disruptive, and costly – impacting governments and organisations worldwide.
In Singapore, mobile wallet fraud is surging, with phishing tactics causing USD 8.9K in losses – 80% linked to Apple Pay. In the UK, security flaws in government IT systems have exposed sensitive data and infrastructure. South Africa’s government-run weather service (SAWS) was also forced offline, disrupting a critical resource for airlines, farmers, and emergency responders. Across the Atlantic, a data breach at a Georgia hospital compromised 120,000 patient records, while BayMark Health Services, the largest addiction treatment provider in the US, alerted patients to a similar breach.
What steps are governments, tech providers, and enterprises taking to protect themselves, critical infrastructure, and individuals?
Protecting Critical Infrastructure: The Digital Backbone
As global connectivity expands, securing critical infrastructure is paramount to sustaining growth, stability, and public trust.
Undersea cables, which carry much of the world’s internet traffic, are a major focus. While tech giants like Amazon, Meta, and Google are expanding these networks to boost global data speed and reliability, the need for protection is just as urgent – prompting the EU to invest nearly a billion dollars in securing them against emerging threats.
Governments and tech providers alike are stepping up. The European Commission has introduced a cybersecurity blueprint to strengthen crisis coordination, rapid response, and information sharing. Meanwhile, Microsoft is investing USD 700M in Poland’s cloud and AI infrastructure, working with the Polish National Defense to enhance cybersecurity through AI-driven strategies.
Quantifying Cyber Risk: Standardised Threat Assessment
As cyber threats grow more sophisticated, so must our ability to detect, measure, and respond to them.
A major shift in cybersecurity is underway – one that prioritises standardised threat assessment and coordinated defense.
The UK is leading the charge with a new cyber monitoring centre that will introduce a “Richter Scale” for cyberattacks, ranking threats much like earthquake magnitudes. Emerging countries are also joining in; Vietnam is strengthening its cyber defences with a new intelligence-sharing platform designed to improve coordination between the government and private sector.
By quantifying cyber risks and enhancing intelligence-sharing, these efforts are shaping global cybersecurity norms, improving response times, and building a more resilient digital ecosystem.
Beyond Defence: Proactive Measures to Combat AI-Driven Cybercrime
Cyber threats evolve faster than defences can keep up – a single click on a malicious email can lead to a breach in just 72 minutes.
With AI making cyberattacks more sophisticated, governments are taking an active role in cyber law enforcement.
Indonesia set up a cyber patrol to monitor and regulate harmful online content while also working to create a safer digital space for children. Thailand, Cambodia, and Laos are cooperating to curb cross-border scams through intelligence sharing and joint enforcement efforts.
Building Trust Online: Digital Identity Solutions
Governments are moving beyond enforcement to strengthen security with digital identity frameworks.
The EU is leading this shift with large-scale pilots for digital identity wallets, designed to offer citizens a secure, seamless way to verify credentials for services, transactions, and age-restricted content. By 2026, each EU member state will issue its own wallet, built on unified technical standards to ensure cross-border interoperability and stronger cybersecurity.
Digital identity wallets mark a major shift in data security, giving citizens greater control over their information while strengthening online trust. By securing identity verification, governments are reducing fraud and identity theft, creating a safer digital landscape.
Closing the Gap: Global Cyber Education Push
Cybersecurity education is no longer just for IT teams – it’s essential at every level, from executives to employees, to build long-term resilience.
Again, governments and tech giants alike are stepping up to bridge the skills gap and enhance cyber awareness.
Singapore is leading by example with a cyber-resilience training program for board directors, ensuring corporate leaders understand cyber risk management. AWS is investing USD 6.35M to support cybersecurity education in the UK, and Microsoft is expanding its global training efforts. The company has partnered with Kazakhstan to strengthen public sector cybersecurity and has committed to training one million South Africans in AI and cybersecurity by 2026.
The Path Forward: A Collective Responsibility
The cybersecurity landscape underscores a crucial truth: resilience can’t be built in isolation. Governments, businesses, and individuals must move past reactive measures and adopt a collective, intelligence-driven approach. As threats grow more sophisticated, so must our commitment to collaboration, vigilance, and proactive defence.
In an increasingly interconnected world, securing the digital landscape is not just necessary – it’s a shared responsibility.
Undersea cables form the invisible backbone of the modern internet, carrying vast amounts of data across continents and connecting billions of people. These vital arteries of global communication are, however, surprisingly vulnerable.
Hybrid Warfare at Sea
Recent incidents have highlighted the vulnerability of undersea infrastructure, particularly in the Baltic Sea. In the latest case, a fibre optic cable between Latvia and Sweden was reportedly severed by the dragging anchor of the cargo ship Vezhen, originating from Russia’s Ust-Luga port. Swedish authorities boarded and seized the vessel.
In December, the Eagle S Panamax oil tanker, sailing from St. Petersburg, allegedly damaged a power cable and three fibre optic cables between Estonia and Finland, as well as another connection between Finland and Germany. Finnish authorities seized the ship for investigation. A similar incident occurred in November when the Yi Peng 3, also from Ust-Luga, was linked to cable ruptures connecting Sweden to Lithuania and Finland to Germany. Although shadowed by the Royal Danish Navy, the vessel was ultimately allowed to continue its voyage.
The suspected sabotage of 11 undersea cables in 15 months has alarmed NATO countries, prompting increased surveillance around Europe. Patrols will focus on protecting critical assets like fibre optic cables, power lines, gas pipelines, and environmental sensors. Dubbed Baltic Sentry, the mission will deploy frigates, patrol aircraft, and unmanned naval drones, supported by NATO’s Maritime Centre for the Security of Critical Undersea Infrastructure. An AI system will monitor unusual shipping activity, such as loitering near cables or erratic course changes, aiming to cut response times to 30-60 minutes. Meanwhile, Operation Nordic Warden will analyse satellite imagery, patrol data, and Automatic Identification System (AIS) signals to assess risks in 22 key areas.
The primary concern is damage to infrastructure in the shallow waters of the Baltic Sea, but suspicious activity elsewhere has caught the attention of tech giants. Ireland, a critical hub for Europe’s cloud data centres, hosts undersea cables owned by companies like Google, Microsoft, and Amazon, linking it to the US and UK. As a non-NATO country, Ireland faces the challenge of monitoring over 3,000km of coastline. Recently, both the Irish Defence Forces and Royal Navy shadowed a Russian spy ship in the Irish Sea and English Channel. While cable damage is often immediately evident, the risk of communication taps is more alarming and harder to detect.
How Resilient Are Undersea Cable Networks?
There are about 400 undersea cables spanning over 1.3 million kms globally. According to the International Cable Protection Committee, around 200 incidents of cable damage occur annually, mostly caused by dragged anchors or trawling. Only about 10% result from natural causes like weather or wildlife. Near shorelines, cables are heavily protected and often buried under several metres of sand in shallow waters. However, in deeper seas, they are harder to monitor and safeguard.
Highly developed regions, such as the Baltic Sea, North Sea, and Irish Sea, rely on multiple redundant cables to maintain connections between countries. While severing a single link may reduce capacity and cause inconvenience, major disruptions are rare, even for remote European islands served by multiple cables.
Fibre optic cable repairs typically take days to weeks, faster than the lengthy timelines for fixing power cables or gas pipelines. Repair costs range from USD 1-3 million depending on the damage. Faults are located using test pulses, and specialised ships lift the damaged sections to the surface for splicing. However, with only 22 repair-designated cable ships worldwide, simultaneous outages could significantly delay restoration.
In regions with less cooperative neighbours, obtaining permissions can further slow repairs. For instance, cables crossing the South China Sea face increasing challenges in deployment and maintenance, complicating connections between ASEAN nations. Routing cables along longer coastal paths raises costs and impacts latency, adding further strain to the network.
Responding to Escalating Incidents
Plausible deniability and the opaque nature of maritime operations make attributing these events challenging. Nonetheless, NATO countries view them as part of Russia’s broader hybrid warfare strategy, which avoids direct confrontation while instilling fear and uncertainty by showcasing an adversary’s reach. Attacks on undersea cables undermine public trust in a government’s ability to protect critical infrastructure.
European governments initially downplayed the impact of these attacks, likely to minimise psychological effects and avoid escalation. While this cautious approach, coupled with rapid repairs, proved effective in the short term, it may have emboldened adversaries, leading to further incidents. In response, Sweden and Finland are now more willing to seize vessels in their territorial waters to deter both intentional and negligent actions.
Implications for Enterprise Networks
While enterprises cannot prevent damage to undersea infrastructure, they can mitigate risks and build resilient networks:
- Satellite Connectivity. Satellite internet services like Starlink and Eutelsat may not be ideal for bandwidth-intensive applications but can support critical services requiring international connections. An SD-WAN enables automatic failover to a redundant circuit if a land-based or undersea cable is disrupted.
- Dynamic Path Selection. Modern WAN architectures with dynamic path selection can reroute traffic to alternate cloud regions when primary paths are down. Locally available services can continue operating on domestic networks unaffected by international outages.
- Edge Computing. Adopting an edge-to-cloud strategy allows the running of select workloads closer to the edge or in local data centres. This reduces reliance on international links, improves resilience, and lowers latency.
- Disaster Recovery Planning. Enterprises should incorporate extended network outages into their disaster recovery plans, assessing the potential impact on operations and distinguishing between land-based, undersea, and other types of connections.
India’s digital economy is on a meteoric rise, expected to reach USD 1 trillion by 2025. This surge in digital activity is fuelling the rapid expansion of its data centre market, positioning the country as a global player. With a projected market value of USD 4.5 billion by 2025, India’s data centre industry is set to surpass traditional regional hubs like Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Singapore.
This growth is driven by factors such as the proliferation of smartphones, internet connectivity, and digital services, generating massive amounts of data that need storage and processing. Government initiatives like Digital India and the National e-Governance Plan have promoted digitalisation, while favourable market conditions, including cost-effective infrastructure, skilled talent, and a large domestic market, make India an attractive destination for data centre investments.
As companies continue to invest, India is solidifying its role as a critical hub for Asia’s digital revolution, driving economic development and creating new opportunities for innovation and job creation.
What is Fuelling India’s Data Centre Growth?
India’s data centre industry is experiencing rapid growth in 2024, driven by a combination of strategic advantages and increasing demand. The country’s abundance of land and skilled workforce are key factors contributing to this boom.
- Digitisation push. The digital revolution is fueling the need for more sophisticated data centre infrastructure. The rise of social media, online gaming, and streaming apps has created a surge in demand for faster networks, better data storage options, and increased data centre services.
- Internet and mobile penetration. With 1.1 billion mobile phone subscribers, Indians use an average of 8.3 GB of data per month. As more people come online, businesses need to expand their data infrastructure to handle increased traffic, enhance service delivery, and support a growing digital economy.
- Increasing tech adoption. India’s AI market is projected to reach around USD 17 billion by 2027. As businesses integrate AI, IoT, cloud, and other technologies, data centres will become instrumental in supporting the vast computational and storage requirements.
- Government & regulatory measures. Apart from India being one of the world’s largest data consumption economies, government initiatives have also accelerated the ‘data based’ environment in the country. Additionally, states like Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu have implemented favourable real estate policies that reduce the costs of setting up data centres.
A Growing Network of Hubs
India’s data centre landscape is rapidly evolving, with major cities and emerging hotspots vying for a piece of the pie.
Mumbai-Navi Mumbai remains the undisputed leader, boasting a combined 39 data centres. Its strategic location with excellent submarine cable connectivity to Europe and Southeast Asia makes it a prime destination for global and domestic players.
Bangalore, India’s IT capital, is not far behind with 29 data centres. The city’s thriving tech ecosystem and skilled talent pool make it an attractive option for businesses looking to set up data centres.
Chennai, located on the east coast, has emerged as a crucial hub with 17 data centres. Its proximity to Southeast Asia and growing digital economy make it a strategic location. The Delhi-NCR region also plays a significant role, with 27 data centres serving the capital and surrounding areas.
Smaller cities like Pune, Jaipur, and Patna are rapidly emerging as data centre hotspots. As businesses seek to serve a growing but distributed user base across India, these cities offer more cost-effective options. Additionally, the rise of edge data centres in these smaller cities is further decentralising the data centre landscape.
A Competitive Market
India ranks 13th globally in the number of operational data centres, with 138 facilities in operation and an additional 45 expected to be completed by the end of 2025. Key initiatives include:
- AWS. AWS is investing USD 12.7 billion to establish four new data centres over the next two years.
- Meta. Meta is set to build a small data centre, potentially focused on cache with a 10-20 MW capacity.
- AdaniConnex. In partnership with EdgeConneX, AdaniConnex aims to develop a 1 GW network of hyperscale data centres over the next decade, all powered by 100% renewable energy.
- Google. Google is set to build an 80-storey data centre by 2025 and is in advanced talks to acquire a 22.5-acre land parcel for its first captive data centre.
- NTT. NTT is investing USD 241 million in a data campus, which will feature three data centres.
Data Centres: Driving Digital India’s Success
The Digital India initiative has transformed government services through improved online infrastructure and increased connectivity. Data centres play a pivotal role in supporting this vision by managing, storing, and processing the vast amounts of data that power essential services like Aadhaar and BharatNet.
Aadhaar, India’s biometric ID system, relies heavily on data centres to store and process biometric information, enabling seamless identification and authentication. BharatNet, the government’s ambitious project to connect rural areas with high-speed internet, also depends on data centres to provide the necessary infrastructure and support.
The impact of data centres on India’s digital transformation is far-reaching. Here are some key areas where data centres have made a significant contribution:
- Enabling Remote Work and Education. Data centres have been instrumental in supporting the surge in remote work and online learning during the pandemic. By providing the necessary infrastructure and connectivity, data centres have ensured business continuity and uninterrupted education.
- Fostering Start-Up Innovation. Data centres provide the essential infrastructure for start-ups to thrive. By offering reliable and scalable computing resources, data centres enable rapid growth and innovation, contributing to the expansion of India’s SaaS market.
- Supporting Government Services. Data centres underpin key government initiatives, including e-governance platforms and digital identity systems. They enhance the accessibility, transparency, and efficiency of government services, bridging the urban-rural divide and improving public service delivery.
Securing India’s Data Centre Future
Data centres are the backbone of India’s digital transformation, fuelling economic growth, government services, innovation, remote work, and technological progress. The Indian government’s ambitious plan to invest over USD 1 billion in hyperscale data centres over the next five years underscores the country’s commitment to building a robust digital infrastructure.
To secure the long-term success of India’s data centre industry, alignment with global standards and strategic investment are crucial. Prioritising reliability, efficiency, and sustainability will attract global providers and position India as a prime destination for digital infrastructure investments. Addressing challenges like legacy upgrades, modernisation, and cybersecurity risks will require collaboration across stakeholders, with government support and technological innovation playing key roles.
A unified effort from central and state governments is vital to enhance competitiveness. By fostering a favourable regulatory environment and offering incentives, the government can accelerate the development of world-class data centres. As India advances digitally, data centres will be instrumental in driving economic growth, improving quality of life, and solidifying India’s status as a global digital leader.
Exiting the North-South Highway 101 onto Mountain View, California, reveals how mundane innovation can appear in person. This Silicon Valley town, home to some of the most prominent tech giants, reveals little more than a few sprawling corporate campuses of glass and steel. As the industry evolves, its architecture naturally grows less inspiring. The most imposing structures, our modern-day coliseums, are massive energy-rich data centres, recursively training LLMs among other technologies. Yet, just as the unassuming exterior of the Googleplex conceals a maze of shiny new software, GenAI harbours immense untapped potential. And people are slowly realising that.
It has been over a year that GenAI burst onto the scene, hastening AI implementations and making AI benefits more identifiable. Today, we see successful use cases and collaborations all the time.
Finding Where Expectations Meet Reality
While the data centres of Mountain View thrum with the promise of a new era, it is crucial to have a quick reality check.
Just as the promise around dot-com startups reached a fever pitch before crashing, so too might the excitement surrounding AI be entering a period of adjustment. Every organisation appears to be looking to materialise the hype.
All eyes (including those of 15 million tourists) will be on Paris as they host the 2024 Olympics Games. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) recently introduced an AI-powered monitoring system to protect athletes from online abuse. This system demonstrates AI’s practical application, monitoring social media in real time, flagging abusive content, and ensuring athlete’s mental well-being. Online abuse is a critical issue in the 21st century. The IOC chose the right time, cause, and setting. All that is left is implementation. That’s where reality is met.
While the Googleplex doesn’t emanate the same futuristic aura as whatever is brewing within its walls, Google’s AI prowess is set to take centre stage as they partner with NBCUniversal as the official search AI partner of Team USA. By harnessing the power of their GenAI chatbot Gemini, NBCUniversal will create engaging and informative content that seamlessly integrates with their broadcasts. This will enhance viewership, making the Games more accessible and enjoyable for fans across various platforms and demographics. The move is part of NBCUniversal’s effort to modernise its coverage and attract a wider audience, including those who don’t watch live television and younger viewers who prefer online content.
From Silicon Valley to Main Street
While tech giants invest heavily in GenAI-driven product strategies, retailers and distributors must adapt to this new sales landscape.
Perhaps the promise of GenAI lies in the simple storefronts where it meets the everyday consumer. Just a short drive down the road from the Googleplex, one of many 37,000-square-foot Best Buys is preparing for a launch that could redefine how AI is sold.
In the most digitally vogue style possible, the chain retailer is rolling out Microsoft’s flagship AI-enabled PCs by training over 30,000 employees to sell and repair them and equipping over 1,000 store employees with AI skillsets. Best Buy are positioning themselves to revitalise sales, which have been declining for the past ten quarters. The company anticipates that the augmentation of AI skills across a workforce will drive future growth.
The Next Generation of User-Software Interaction
We are slowly evolving from seeking solutions to seamless integration, marking a new era of User-Centric AI.
The dynamic between humans and software has mostly been transactional: a question for an answer, or a command for execution. GenAI however, is poised to reshape this. Apple, renowned for their intuitive, user-centric ecosystem, is forging a deeper and more personalised relationship between humans and their digital tools.
Apple recently announced a collaboration with OpenAI at its WWDC, integrating ChatGPT into Siri (their digital assistant) in its new iOS 18 and macOS Sequoia rollout. According to Tim Cook, CEO, they aim to “combine generative AI with a user’s personal context to deliver truly helpful intelligence”.
Apple aims to prioritise user personalisation and control. Operating directly on the user’s device, it ensures their data remains secure while assimilating AI into their daily lives. For example, Siri now leverages “on-screen awareness” to understand both voice commands and the context of the user’s screen, enhancing its ability to assist with any task. This marks a new era of personalised GenAI, where technology understands and caters to individual needs.
We are beginning to embrace a future where LLMs assume customer-facing roles. The reality is, however, that we still live in a world where complex issues are escalated to humans.
The digital enterprise landscape is evolving. Examples such as the Salesforce Einstein Service Agent, its first fully autonomous AI agent, aim to revolutionise chatbot experiences. Built on the Einstein 1 Platform, it uses LLMs to understand context and generate conversational responses grounded in trusted business data. It offers 24/7 service, can be deployed quickly with pre-built templates, and handles simple tasks autonomously.
The technology does show promise, but it is important to acknowledge that GenAI is not yet fully equipped to handle the nuanced and complex scenarios that full customer-facing roles need. As technology progresses in the background, companies are beginning to adopt a hybrid approach, combining AI capabilities with human expertise.
AI for All: Democratising Innovation
The transformations happening inside the Googleplex, and its neighbouring giants, is undeniable. The collaborative efforts of Google, SAP, Microsoft, Apple, and Salesforce, amongst many other companies leverage GenAI in unique ways and paint a picture of a rapidly evolving tech ecosystem. It’s a landscape where AI is no longer confined to research labs or data centres, but is permeating our everyday lives, from Olympic broadcasts to customer service interactions, and even our personal devices.
The accessibility of AI is increasing, thanks to efforts like Best Buy’s employee training and Apple’s on-device AI models. Microsoft’s Copilot and Power Apps empower individuals without technical expertise to harness AI’s capabilities. Tools like Canva and Uizard empower anybody with UI/UX skills. Platforms like Coursera offer certifications in AI. It’s never been easier to self-teach and apply such important skills. While the technology continues to mature, it’s clear that the future of AI isn’t just about what the machines can do for us—it’s about what we can do with them. The on-ramp to technological discovery is no longer North-South Highway 101 or the Googleplex that lays within, but rather a network of tools and resources that’s rapidly expanding, inviting everyone to participate in the next wave of technological transformation.
Quantum computing is emerging as a groundbreaking force with the potential to reshape industries and enhance national security with unparalleled speed and precision. Governments and technology providers worldwide are heavily investing in this transformative technology, which promises significant advancements in areas such as cryptography, drug development, AI, and finance. Countries like Australia, Singapore, Taiwan, Qatar, and the UK are investing heavily in quantum research, backed by tech giants like Nvidia, IBM, and Google.
Ecosystm research finds that nearly 30% of enterprises are expecting to use quantum computing in the next 5 years.
Beyond Bits: Exploring the Potential of Quantum Computers
We need quantum computers because they have the potential to solve certain problems that are impossible (or impractical) for classical computers. Last year, Google led a study revealing that its quantum processor can complete a task in 6.18 seconds that would take a traditional supercomputer 47 years.
Here are a few reasons why quantum computing is exciting:
Unleashing the power of qubits. While classical computers use bits that can be either 0 or 1, quantum computers use qubits, which can exist in both states simultaneously (a state called superposition). This allows them to explore multiple possibilities simultaneously, making them significantly faster for specific tasks.
Tackling complex problems. Problems like simulating molecules or breaking complex encryption codes involve massive calculations. Quantum computers, with their unique properties, can manage these complexities more efficiently.
Revolutionising specific fields. Quantum computing has the potential to transform areas such as materials science, drug discovery, AI, and financial modelling. By simulating complex systems and processes, they could lead to breakthroughs in various sectors.
Quantum computers will not replace traditional computers entirely, but rather function as powerful tools for specific tasks beyond the reach of classical machines. Let’s look at cybersecurity as an example.
Twenty years ago, hacking was a basic task. Imagine a time before social media, when a simple computer and basic technical know-how were enough to breach a network. The stakes were low, the landscape uncomplicated. But technology, like threats, has evolved. Today’s hackers use sophisticated techniques, employing strategies like “harvest now, decrypt later” – stealing data today to decrypt later using more powerful machines. This is where quantum computing enters the scene, posing a significant threat to current encryption methods. In response, tech giants like Google, Apple, and Zoom are implementing quantum-resistant encryption into their software, safeguarding user data from potential future decryption attempts. Governments and telecommunication providers worldwide are boosting quantum encryption to tackle the potential security crisis.
The thrill of quantum computing lies in its infancy. Unforeseen applications, beyond our current imagination, could be unlocked as the technology matures.
Current Quantum Projects Focused on Security
First Scalable Network Secures Maritime Trade. The Netherlands is improving the resiliency of transport infrastructure in their own major international maritime hub, using quantum. The Port of Rotterdam Authority joined a collection of quantum technology firms to create a comprehensive cybersecurity ecosystem – the first of its kind globally. The port uses quantum technology to safeguard sensitive information, improving safety for the seagoing vessels carrying 470 million tonnes of cargo annually.
UK Integrates Quantum Navigation for Secure Air Travel. The UK is improving its digital transport infrastructure by integrating the first ever un-jammable aviation navigation system, powered by quantum software. This initiative was prompted by an incident where a government plane carrying the UK defence secretary had its GPS signal jammed close to Russian territory. This technology ensures safe and reliable navigation for aircraft, particularly in hostile environments. The UK government is investing USD 56 million into their quantum sector, aiming to become a quantum-enabled economy by 2033.
Governments Putting Faith in Quantum
Taiwan’s First Domestic 5-Qubit Computer. Taiwan is aiming to be a leader in quantum computing by building its first domestic machine by 2027. This initiative is part of a larger USD 259 million, five-year plan for quantum technology, and has a multi-pronged approach including building the actual quantum computer hardware; developing solutions to secure data in a world with quantum computers (quantum cryptography); creating a strong supply chain for quantum computing components within Taiwan; and collaborating with international partners to develop testing platforms and expertise.
Singapore Explores Real-World Applications. The Singaporean government has pledged USD 518 million to their National Quantum Strategy (NQS). This investment will provide the necessary resources to explore real-time applications of quantum technology in healthcare and technology. Simultaneously, they launched the National Quantum Processor Initiative (NQPI) to develop quantum sensors that will aid in research. Singapore aims to lead the world in quantum tech for investment portfolios, cryptography, and drug discovery.
Australia Aiming for World’s First Utility-Scale Machine. Backed by a USD 620 million investment from the Australian and Queensland governments, PsiQuantum aims to build a fault-tolerant computer that can solve previously challenging problems in fields like renewable energy, healthcare, and transportation. PsiQuantum’s innovative “fusion-based architecture” tackles scaling challenges by using millions of light-based qubits, paving the way for a new era of computational power and potentially sparking the next industrial revolution. This project positions Australia as a global leader in harnessing the immense potential of quantum computing.
Tech Companies Making the Quantum Leap
IBM Enhances Quantum Performance. IBM’s latest quantum computing platform, Qiskit 1.0, has worked on features that enhance performance, stability, and reliability. The updated open-source SDK aims to facilitate accessible quantum programming and accelerate processing times. Qiskit 1.0 uses optimised circuits to create and manage the interplay between classical and quantum computing. IBM is even collaborating with Japan’s AIST to develop a 10,000-qubit quantum computer by 2029, which is 75 times more powerful than current systems.
Microsoft and Quantinuum Achieve Reliable Logical Qubits. This significant milestone is said to mark a new era of dependable quantum technology, dramatically reducing errors and enhancing the precision of quantum computations. They have demonstrated an 800x improvement in error rates, paving the way for hybrid supercomputing systems that combine AI, high-performance computing (HPCs), and quantum capabilities to tackle scientific problems, with new capabilities becoming available to Azure Quantum Elements customers in the coming months.
Quantum Cloud Services for Enterprise. Major tech players QMware, Nvidia, and Oracle are teaming up to create hybrid quantum computing service for businesses. Combining classical and quantum computing, the project aims to crunch complex problems in AI, machine learning, and optimisation – all in the cloud.
Building Towards a Quantum Future
In the short term, using HPCs with quantum algorithms can already provide noticeable speed improvements over traditional methods. Hybrid approaches, where HPCs and quantum computers work together, could lead to significant gains in speed and efficiency, potentially ranging from 10x to 100x improvement.
Three strategies: quantum-inspired, hybrid, and full-scale quantum computing each offer distinct advantages.
While quantum-inspired computing leverages quantum algorithms to run on classical systems, hybrid computing combines classical and quantum processors, optimising the strengths of both to take complex problems more efficiently. Intuitively, full-scale quantum computing represents the ultimate goal, where large, fault-tolerant quantum computers solve problems beyond the reach of current classical systems.
Looking further ahead, the development of large-scale quantum computers could revolutionise industries by solving problems far beyond the reach of classical computers, with potential speedups of 500x to 1000x.
As quantum technology progresses, different industries and applications will benefit from tailored approaches that best suit their unique needs.
Southeast Asia’s massive workforce – 3rd largest globally – faces a critical upskilling gap, especially with the rise of AI. While AI adoption promises a USD 1 trillion GDP boost by 2030, unlocking this potential requires a future-proof workforce equipped with AI expertise.
Governments and technology providers are joining forces to build strong AI ecosystems, accelerating R&D and nurturing homegrown talent. It’s a tight race, but with focused investments, Southeast Asia can bridge the digital gap and turn its AI aspirations into reality.
Read on to find out how countries like Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, and The Philippines are implementing comprehensive strategies to build AI literacy and expertise among their populations.
Download ‘Upskilling for the Future: Building AI Capabilities in Southeast Asia’ as a PDF
Big Tech Invests in AI Workforce
Southeast Asia’s tech scene heats up as Big Tech giants scramble for dominance in emerging tech adoption.
Microsoft is partnering with governments, nonprofits, and corporations across Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam to equip 2.5M people with AI skills by 2025. Additionally, the organisation will also train 100,000 Filipino women in AI and cybersecurity.
Singapore sets ambitious goal to triple its AI workforce by 2028. To achieve this, AWS will train 5,000 individuals annually in AI skills over the next three years.
NVIDIA has partnered with FPT Software to build an AI factory, while also championing AI education through Vietnamese schools and universities. In Malaysia, they have launched an AI sandbox to nurture 100 AI companies targeting USD 209M by 2030.
Singapore Aims to be a Global AI Hub
Singapore is doubling down on upskilling, global leadership, and building an AI-ready nation.
Singapore has launched its second National AI Strategy (NAIS 2.0) to solidify its global AI leadership. The aim is to triple the AI talent pool to 15,000, establish AI Centres of Excellence, and accelerate public sector AI adoption. The strategy focuses on developing AI “peaks of excellence” and empowering people and businesses to use AI confidently.
In keeping with this vision, the country’s 2024 budget is set to train workers who are over 40 on in-demand skills to prepare the workforce for AI. The country will also invest USD 27M to build AI expertise, by offering 100 AI scholarships for students and attracting experts from all over the globe to collaborate with the country.
Thailand Aims for AI Independence
Thailand’s ‘Ignite Thailand’ 2030 vision focuses on boosting innovation, R&D, and the tech workforce.
Thailand is launching the second phase of its National AI Strategy, with a USD 42M budget to develop an AI workforce and create a Thai Large Language Model (ThaiLLM). The plan aims to train 30,000 workers in sectors like tourism and finance, reducing reliance on foreign AI.
The Thai government is partnering with Microsoft to build a new data centre in Thailand, offering AI training for over 100,000 individuals and supporting the growing developer community.
Building a Digital Vietnam
Vietnam focuses on AI education, policy, and empowering women in tech.
Vietnam’s National Digital Transformation Programme aims to create a digital society by 2030, focusing on integrating AI into education and workforce training. It supports AI research through universities and looks to address challenges like addressing skill gaps, building digital infrastructure, and establishing comprehensive policies.
The Vietnamese government and UNDP launched Empower Her Tech, a digital skills initiative for female entrepreneurs, offering 10 online sessions on GenAI and no-code website creation tools.
The Philippines Gears Up for AI
The country focuses on investment, public-private partnerships, and building a tech-ready workforce.
With its strong STEM education and programming skills, the Philippines is well-positioned for an AI-driven market, allocating USD 30M for AI research and development.
The Philippine government is partnering with entities like IBPAP, Google, AWS, and Microsoft to train thousands in AI skills by 2025, offering both training and hands-on experience with cutting-edge technologies.
The strategy also funds AI research projects and partners with universities to expand AI education. Companies like KMC Teams will help establish and manage offshore AI teams, providing infrastructure and support.
For many organisations migrating to cloud, the opportunity to run workloads from energy-efficient cloud data centres is a significant advantage. However, carbon emissions can vary from one country to another and if left unmonitored, will gradually increase over time as cloud use grows. This issue will become increasingly important as we move into the era of compute-intensive AI and the burden of cloud on natural resources will shift further into the spotlight.
The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that data centres are responsible for up to 1.5% of global electricity use and 1% of GHG emissions. Cloud providers have recognised this and are committed to change. Between 2025 and 2030, all hyperscalers – AWS, Azure, Google, and Oracle included – expect to power their global cloud operations entirely with renewable sources.
Chasing the Sun
Cloud providers are shifting their sights from simply matching electricity use with renewable power purchase agreements (PPA) to the more ambitious goal of operating 24/7 on carbon-free sources. A defining characteristic of renewables though is intermittency, with production levels fluctuating based on the availability of sunlight and wind. Leading cloud providers are using AI to dynamically distribute compute workloads throughout the day to regions with lower carbon intensity. Workloads that are processed with solar power during daylight can be shifted to nearby regions with abundant wind energy at night.
Addressing Water Scarcity
Many of the largest cloud data centres are situated in sunny locations to take advantage of solar power and proximity to population centres. Unfortunately, this often means that they are also in areas where water is scarce. While liquid-cooled facilities are energy efficient, local communities are concerned on the strain on water sources. Data centre operators are now committing to reduce consumption and restore water supplies. Simple measures, such as expanding humidity (below 20% RH) and temperature tolerances (above 30°C) in server rooms have helped companies like Meta to cut wastage. Similarly, Google has increased their reliance on non-potable sources, such as grey water and sea water.
From Waste to Worth
Data centre operators have identified innovative ways to reuse the excess heat generated by their computing equipment. Some have used it to heat adjacent swimming pools while others have warmed rooms that house vertical farms. Although these initiatives currently have little impact on the environmental impact of cloud, they suggest a future where waste is significantly reduced.
Greening the Grid
The giant facilities that cloud providers use to house their computing infrastructure are also set to change. Building materials and construction account for an astonishing 11% of global carbon emissions. The use of recycled materials in concrete and investing in greener methods of manufacturing steel are approaches the construction industry are attempting to lessen their impact. Smaller data centres have been 3D printed to accelerate construction and use recyclable printing concrete. While this approach may not be suitable for hyperscale facilities, it holds potential for smaller edge locations.
Rethinking Hardware Management
Cloud providers rely on their scale to provide fast, resilient, and cost-effective computing. In many cases, simply replacing malfunctioning or obsolete equipment would achieve these goals better than performing maintenance. However, the relentless growth of e-waste is putting pressure on cloud providers to participate in the circular economy. Microsoft, for example, has launched three Circular Centres to repurpose cloud equipment. During the pilot of their Amsterdam centre, it achieved 83% reuse and 17% recycling of critical parts. The lifecycle of equipment in the cloud is largely hidden but environmentally conscious users will start demanding greater transparency.
Recommendations
Organisations should be aware of their cloud-derived scope 3 emissions and consider broader environmental issues around water use and recycling. Here are the steps that can be taken immediately:
- Monitor GreenOps. Cloud providers are adding GreenOps tools, such as the AWS Customer Carbon Footprint Tool, to help organisations measure the environmental impact of their cloud operations. Understanding the relationship between cloud use and emissions is the first step towards sustainable cloud operations.
- Adopt Cloud FinOps for Quick ROI. Eliminating wasted cloud resources not only cuts costs but also reduces electricity-related emissions. Tools such as CloudVerse provide visibility into cloud spend, identifies unused instances, and helps to optimise cloud operations.
- Take a Holistic View. Cloud providers are being forced to improve transparency and reduce their environmental impact by their biggest customers. Getting educated on the actions that cloud partners are taking to minimise emissions, water use, and waste to landfill is crucial. In most cases, dedicated cloud providers should reduce waste rather than offset it.
- Enable Remote Workforce. Cloud-enabled security and networking solutions, such as SASE, allow employees to work securely from remote locations and reduce their transportation emissions. With a SASE deployed in the cloud, routine management tasks can be performed by IT remotely rather than at the branch, further reducing transportation emissions.
Google recently extended its Generative AI, Bard, to include coding in more than 20 programming languages, including C++, Go, Java, Javascript, and Python. The search giant has been eager to respond to last year’s launch of ChatGPT but as the trusted incumbent, it has naturally been hesitant to move too quickly. The tendency for large language models (LLMs) to produce controversial and erroneous outputs has the potential to tarnish established brands. Google Bard was released in March in the US and the UK as an LLM but lacked the coding ability of OpenAI’s ChatGPT and Microsoft’s Bing Chat.
Bard’s new features include code generation, optimisation, debugging, and explanation. Using natural language processing (NLP), users can explain their requirements to the AI and ask it to generate code that can then be exported to an integrated development environment (IDE) or executed directly in the browser with Google Colab. Similarly, users can request Bard to debug already existing code, explain code snippets, or optimise code to improve performance.
Google continues to refer to Bard as an experiment and highlights that as is the case with generated text, code produced by the AI may not function as expected. Regardless, the new functionality will be useful for both beginner and experienced developers. Those learning to code can use Generative AI to debug and explain their mistakes or write simple programs. More experienced developers can use the tool to perform lower-value work, such as commenting on code, or scaffolding to identify potential problems.
GitHub Copilot X to Face Competition
While the ability for Bard, Bing, and ChatGPT to generate code is one of their most important use cases, developers are now demanding AI directly in their IDEs.
In March, Microsoft made one of its most significant announcements of the year when it demonstrated GitHub Copilot X, which embeds GPT-4 in the development environment. Earlier this year, Microsoft invested $10 billion into OpenAI to add to the $1 billion from 2019, cementing the partnership between the two AI heavyweights. Among other benefits, this agreement makes Azure the exclusive cloud provider to OpenAI and provides Microsoft with the opportunity to enhance its software with AI co-pilots.
Currently, under technical preview, when Copilot X eventually launches, it will integrate into Visual Studio — Microsoft’s IDE. Presented as a sidebar or chat directly in the IDE, Copilot X will be able to generate, explain, and comment on code, debug, write unit tests, and identify vulnerabilities. The “Hey, GitHub” functionality will allow users to chat using voice, suitable for mobile users or more natural interaction on a desktop.
Not to be outdone by its cloud rivals, in April, AWS announced the general availability of what it describes as a real-time AI coding companion. Amazon CodeWhisperer, integrates with a range of IDEs, namely Visual Studio Code, IntelliJ IDEA, CLion, GoLand, WebStorm, Rider, PhpStorm, PyCharm, RubyMine, and DataGrip, or natively in AWS Cloud9 and AWS Lambda console. While the preview worked for Python, Java, JavaScript, TypeScript, and C#, the general release extends support for most languages. Amazon’s key differentiation is that it is available for free to individual users, while GitHub Copilot is currently subscription-based with exceptions only for teachers, students, and maintainers of open-source projects.
The Next Step: Generative AI in Security
The next battleground for Generative AI will be assisting overworked security analysts. Currently, some of the greatest challenges that Security Operations Centres (SOCs) face are being understaffed and overwhelmed with the number of alerts. Security vendors, such as IBM and Securonix, have already deployed automation to reduce alert noise and help analysts prioritise tasks to avoid responding to false threats.
Google recently introduced Sec-PaLM and Microsoft announced Security Copilot, bringing the power of Generative AI to the SOC. These tools will help analysts interact conversationally with their threat management systems and will explain alerts in natural language. How effective these tools will be is yet to be seen, considering hallucinations in security is far riskier than writing an essay with ChatGPT.
The Future of AI Code Generators
Although GitHub Copilot and Amazon CodeWhisperer had already launched with limited feature sets, it was the release of ChatGPT last year that ushered in a new era in AI code generation. There is now a race between the cloud hyperscalers to win over developers and to provide AI that supports other functions, such as security.
Despite fears that AI will replace humans, in their current state it is more likely that they will be used as tools to augment developers. Although AI and automated testing reduce the burden on the already stretched workforce, humans will continue to be in demand to ensure code is secure and satisfies requirements. A likely scenario is that with coding becoming simpler, rather than the number of developers shrinking, the volume and quality of code written will increase. AI will generate a new wave of citizen developers able to work on projects that would previously have been impossible to start. This may, in turn, increase demand for developers to build on these proofs-of-concept.
How the Generative AI landscape evolves over the next year will be interesting. In a recent interview, OpenAI’s founder, Sam Altman, explained that the non-profit model it initially pursued is not feasible, necessitating the launch of a capped-for-profit subsidiary. The company retains its values, however, focusing on advancing AI responsibly and transparently with public consultation. The appearance of Microsoft, Google, and AWS will undoubtedly change the market dynamics and may force OpenAI to at least reconsider its approach once again.
